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　　皮化材料品種繁多，性(xing)(xing)能(neng)各異，就提高(gao)(gao)(gao)皮革(ge)(ge)檔次要求來(lai)看，由于我(wo)國(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量的原(yuan)料皮較少(shao)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)通(tong)過整飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)手段(duan)來(lai)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)品位(wei)，發展(zhan)優(you)質(zhi)的涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)（如(ru)光敏涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)，泡(pao)沫涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)）有(you)(you)其特殊意義(yi)。我(wo)國(guo)現有(you)(you)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的皮革(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)，在品種上，各種組(zu)成均有(you)(you)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，能(neng)夠(gou)滿足一般制(zhi)革(ge)(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的需要，可在革(ge)(ge)制(zhi)品的涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量上經(jing)常(chang)出現質(zhi)量問題，雖然不(bu)能(neng)完全歸罪(zui)于皮革(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和質(zhi)量，使(shi)用(yong)工(gong)藝(yi)技巧也(ye)存有(you)(you)50%的責任，也(ye)就是(shi)說使(shi)用(yong)現有(you)(you)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劑(ji)，只(zhi)要涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)恰當也(ye)能(neng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。但(dan)就整體而(er)言，涂(tu)(tu)層表(biao)面強度(du)和防水性(xing)(xing)不(bu)足，表(biao)現為(wei)耐碰擦(ca)和耐濕擦(ca)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)較差，尤其是(shi)在服裝革(ge)(ge)、沙發革(ge)(ge)、皮件用(yong)革(ge)(ge)的涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上，表(biao)現得更為(wei)明顯。

　　多功能(neng)(neng)和(he)專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)：專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)只是(shi)某一(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)比(bi)較(jiao)突出，其(qi)它性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)同(tong)樣需(xu)要(yao)兼顧(gu)；多功能(neng)(neng)則是(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)比(bi)較(jiao)全面，突出的(de)(de)(de)優點較(jiao)多。而更(geng)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)深入(ru)研究皮(pi)化材(cai)(cai)料與膠原纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)反應及(ji)其(qi)對皮(pi)革結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，發展有(you)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)材(cai)(cai)料，尤其(qi)是(shi)如(ru)何克服皮(pi)革結(jie)構不均(jun)一(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，而使特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)得到充分(fen)發揮(hui)。例如(ru)含氟材(cai)(cai)料用(yong)于(yu)皮(pi)革后，由于(yu)有(you)機氟的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，就能(neng)(neng)反映(ying)(ying)出大幅度提高防水(shui)、防油、防污的(de)(de)(de)三防性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)；樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)復(fu)鞣劑由于(yu)有(you)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)官能(neng)(neng)基能(neng)(neng)封(feng)閉膠原纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團和(he)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)間的(de)(de)(de)氫鍵連(lian)接，甚至增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)鞣劑的(de)(de)(de)多點連(lian)接，普遍(bian)都能(neng)(neng)反映(ying)(ying)出有(you)提高皮(pi)革豐滿、柔(rou)軟的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；結(jie)合型加(jia)(jia)脂(zhi)(zhi)劑由于(yu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了與膠原纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)反應的(de)(de)(de)官能(neng)(neng)基，而能(neng)(neng)反映(ying)(ying)出有(you)復(fu)鞣劑的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，復(fu)鞣劑中增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)長(chang)鏈柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團，而具有(you)加(jia)(jia)脂(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，二者更(geng)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在于(yu)耐(nai)洗。所(suo)謂特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)為以前同(tong)類材(cai)(cai)料所(suo)沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，因此(ci)發展特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料才是(shi)多功能(neng)(neng)和(he)專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)。

　　為(wei)了適(shi)應(ying)各(ge)種皮革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，已經(jing)(jing)發(fa)展了許許多多的(de)(de)各(ge)種皮革(ge)(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)劑。為(wei)滿足(zu)環境要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)劑應(ying)不含除水(shui)(shui)(shui)外的(de)(de)一(yi)切揮發(fa)組(zu)分。目前市售的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)劑，除蛋白類外，全是乳液型(xing)(xing)或(huo)分散型(xing)(xing)，與溶劑型(xing)(xing)相比，在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)膜機理上有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)不同(tong)，在(zai)(zai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)涂(tu)(tu)層薄到’((以下時(shi)，比較其(qi)流(liu)平(ping)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)液型(xing)(xing)比溶劑型(xing)(xing)差(cha)，分散型(xing)(xing)比溶液型(xing)(xing)差(cha)。因此(ci)，發(fa)展近!$年的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)液型(xing)(xing)光亮(liang)(liang)劑，用(yong)于高端(duan)皮革(ge)(ge)(ge)（也就(jiu)是涂(tu)(tu)層要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很薄時(shi)）性(xing)(xing)(xing)能不能同(tong)溶劑型(xing)(xing)相比，也就(jiu)是成(cheng)膜的(de)(de)平(ping)整性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)均勻性(xing)(xing)(xing)不如溶劑型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)。為(wei)此(ci)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想突破這一(yi)難點，應(ying)研(yan)究(jiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶型(xing)(xing)皮革(ge)(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)劑，以及后期交聯劑，改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)后使其(qi)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、光亮(liang)(liang)，尤其(qi)在(zai)(zai)薄涂(tu)(tu)層時(shi)，是可能辦到的(de)(de)。例(li)如純蛋白涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)的(de)(de)打光革(ge)(ge)(ge)，在(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)過較長時(shi)間的(de)(de)蛋白變性(xing)(xing)(xing)后，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)以及光亮(liang)(liang)均能符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，所以打光革(ge)(ge)(ge)仍(reng)是高端(duan)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。利用(yong)有(you)機氟化物、有(you)機硅化合(he)物改(gai)進現有(you)各(ge)種樹脂涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)劑的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，仍(reng)是近期的(de)(de)發(fa)展趨(qu)勢(shi)。